| Übersicht wissenschaftlicher Studien | Statistische Grundbegriffe | Neueste Forschungsergebnisse |
|
Maharishi-Effekt, soziale Gesundheit, Weltfrieden | |||||
| zurück | weiter |
| Meditation gegen Depressionen | Differences Among Types of Meditation |
|
Zusammenfassung dreier Pressemitteilungen über neue Forschungsergebnisse zur Transzendentalen Meditation
Herzkranke Patienten, die Transzendentale Meditation ausüben, sind um 50% weniger von Herzinfarkt, Schlaganfall und Tod betroffen. Medienecho Transcendental Meditation Helped Heart Disease Patients Lower Cardiac Disease ... |
'Meditation eases heart disease' BBC News - Maharishi Mahesh Yogi - Nov 16, 2009 Heart disease patients who practise Transcendental Meditation have reduced death rates, US researchers have said. At a meeting of the American Heart ... Meditation can cut the risk of heart attacks by up to 47%, a new study shows Daily Mail - Nov 16, 2009 By Daily Mail Reporter A relaxation technique beloved by 1960s hippies can have a beneficial effect on heart disease and stress, a study has shown. ... TM 'cuts risk of heart-related deaths' PRESS TV - 9 hours ago Transcendental Meditation (TM), long known for its various beneficial health effects, has recently shown promising results in reducing death rates in heart ... Transcendental Meditation Reduces Risk of Death from Coronary Heart Disease ... TopNews - Harish Dhawan - 10 hours ago According to a study by US researchers, carried out by the Medical College in Wisconsin and Iowa's Maharishi University, patients with coronary heart ... Meditation lengthens life Marie Claire.co.uk - 13 hours ago People who meditate regularly suffer half as many heart attacks and strokes, and live longer, according to new American research. ... Is meditation a wonder cure for heart disease? RT - 14 hours ago Meditation can lower the risk of heart attack in subjects with existing disease, comparable to that of powerful new drugs. In a 5-year study, ... Transcendental meditation slashes cardiac risks by 50 percent Thaindian.com - 14 hours ago Washington, Nov 17 (IANS) Transcendental Meditation (TM) helped cardiac patients slash heart attack, stroke and death risks by 50 percent, says a study on ... Transcendental Meditation cut disease risk in half for heart patients eMaxHealth - Kathleen Blanchard - 20 hours ago Patients with narrowing of the arteries from coronary heart disease were able to cut risk of heart attack, stroke, and death in half with Transcendental ... AHA: Meditation Found Helpful in Coronary Heart Disease Meditation reduced ... ModernMedicine - 21 hours ago MONDAY, Nov. 16 (healthday News) -- In patients with coronary heart disease, stress-reducing transcendental meditation may significantly reduce the rate of ... Meditation Halves Risk of Heart... Science Magazine (blog) - Jue Wang - Nov 16, 2009 Meditation can cut the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death by almost 50% in patients with existing coronary heart disease, according to a ... VIDEO: Heart Disease Patients May Benefit From Transcendental Meditation, New ... Insidermedicine - Nov 16, 2009 >From Orlando - According to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association, heart disease patients find their risk of heart ![]() |
lOslo University College, St Olavs Plass, Oslo, Norway, 2Center for Brain, Consciousness and Cognition, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, Iowa, USA, 3The Norwegian School ofSport Sciences, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway, 4Independent Scholar and Management Consultant, Wayland, Massachusetts, USA, 5Department ofExercise and Sport Science, Maharishi University ofManagement, Fairfield, Iowa, USA
Accepted for publication 2 July 2009
| This study tested the hypothesis that the degree of psychophysiological development is related to performance level in world-class athletes. We compared physiological and psychological patterns of 33 Norwegian world-class athletes to patterns in 33 average performing athletes. The subjects were matched for gender, age, and type of sport. Electro-encephalography activity was recorded to measure brain integration; skin conductance was recorded to measure habituation to a loud stimulus; and paper-and-pencil tests were given to assess self-development, moral development, and frequency of peak experiences. A factor analysis (varimax rotation) reduced the eight variables to three factors that together accounted for 65.3% of the total variance: | (1) physiological integration - brain integration and habituation rates, (2) self- and moral development, and (3) peak experiences. A MANOVA conducted on the factor scores showed a significant main effect for the experimental group collapsing across the three factors (P<0.0001). Individual ANOVAs showed significantly higher values for development (P = 0.021) and physiological integration (P<0.0001) factor scores for the world-class athletes. The above measures can be seen as different expressions of an underlying dimension - human development. These data support the concept that higher psycho-physiological growth underlies higher performance.
Originalartikel auf Anfrage |
| http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de/artikel/Meditation_gegen_Depressionen1771015586773.html Spezielle Technik mindert depressive Symptome um etwa die Hälfte Eine spezielle Meditationstechnik kann offenbar tatsächlich Depressionen lindern: Mithilfe der so genannten Transzendentalen Meditation verringern sich die Symptome deutlich, bestätigen zwei Studien aus den USA. Die beiden Untersuchungen - die eine mit älteren hawaiianischen, die andere mit älteren afroamerikanischen Probanden - stellten die Forscher nun auf der Jahrestagung der Society of Behavioral Medicine in Seattle vor. "Diese Ergebnisse ermutigen und liefern Unterstützung, die Wirksamkeit Transzendentaler Meditation als therapeutisches Mittel bei der Behandlung klinischer Depressionen zu testen", erklärte Hector Myers von der University of California in Los Angeles, einer der Co-Autoren der Präsentation. Sein Kollege Sanford Nidich von der Maharishi University of Management ergänzte: "Mit der Ausübung eines Programms Transzendentaler Meditation waren klinisch bedeutsame Reduktionen depressiver Symptome verbunden." Die Forscher hatten bei 59 afroamerikanischen Freiwilligen im Alter von mindestens 55 Jahren sowie bei 53 Hawaiianern gleichen Alters die Wirkung Transzendentaler Meditation mit der eines gewöhnlichen Gesundheitsprogramms verglichen. Die Probanden, die alle ein Risiko für Herzkreislauferkrankungen hatten, übten zweimal täglich daheim für 20 Minuten. Außerdem hatten sie in der ersten Zeit häufiger, danach seltener auch Gruppensitzungen. Depressive Symptome untersuchten die Forscher zu Beginn der Studie sowie nach drei und neun bis zwölf Monaten. In beiden Studien zeigte die Meditationstechnik Wirkung: Die Übungen verringerten das Auftreten depressiver Symptome im Schnitt um 48 Prozent. Mögliche Mechanismen für den Effekt der Meditation könnten etwa Veränderungen in biochemischen Faktoren wie etwa der Freisetzung von Serotonin sein oder auch entspanntere Reaktion auf Stress oder weniger Grübeln. |
Depressive Symptome gelten auch als Risikofaktor für Herzkreislaufprobleme. Damit ist Linderung psychischer Beschwerden mit einem Vorteil für die körperliche Gesundheit verbunden. Umso interessanter ist es, einen brauchbaren Ansatz zu finden, der ohne Psychopharmaka und womöglich sogar ohne Psychotherapie auskommt. Bei der Transzendentalen Meditation, die kostenpflichtig gelehrt wird, sitzt der Meditierende aufrecht mit geschlossenen Augen und wiederholt innerlich ein spezielles Mantra. Die Übung soll helfen, gedankliche Aktivität hinter sich zu lassen. Autor: Cornelia Dick-Pfaff Quelle: (c) Wissenschaft aktuell Nidich, S, Schneider, R, Rainforth, M. Grimm, CE, Li, J. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on depression in African Americans with coronary heart disease. Annals Behav Med, 2001;23:S057. Nidich S, Toomey M, Myers H, Rainforth M, Grandinetti A, Salerno J, Gaylord-King C, Schneider R. Reduced Symptoms of Depression in Older Minority Subjects At Risk for CVD: Randomized Controlled Mind-body Intervention Trials. Presented at the 31st Annual Meeting & Scientific Sessions of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, Seattle, April 710, 2010. Abstract http://www.mum.edu/pdf_msvs/v02/glaser.pdf Wirkung von Maharishi Ayurveda Brooks J.S., et al. Transcendental Meditation in the treatment of post-Vietnam adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 64:212215, 1985. Kniffki C. Tranzendentale Meditation und Autogenes Training- Ein Vergleich (Transcendental Meditation and Autogenic Training: A Comparison). Munich: Kindler Verlag Geist und Psyche, 1979. Geisler M. Therapeutiche Wirkungen der Transzendentalen Meditation auf drogenkonsumenten (Therapeutic effects of Transcendental Meditation on drug use). Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie 7:235-255, 1978. Ferguson P.C., et al. Psychological Findings on Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 16:483-488, 1976. |
| Very interesting: Concentration, mindfulness and self-transcending methods are discusssed. One cannot lump all meditation research data into a single "basket" for each method produces different results. Paper to be published this month. Demetrios K A study to be published in April uses EEG characteristics to show that different types of meditation show different types of activity in the brain. Writing in the journal Consciousness and Cognition, MUM researcher Fred Travis and former faculty Jonathan Shear discuss three categories of meditation: focused attention concentrating on an object or emotion; open monitoring being mindful of one’s breath or thoughts; and automatic self-transcending meditations that transcend their own activity. The first two categories had been previously discussed, and to those the authors added the third category of self-transcending. The authors assigned EEG bands to each category based on reports in the scientific literature of the characteristic EEG patterns for various mental tasks. They then categorized the meditations based on the EEG patterns that have been reported to be associated with them. “The idea is that meditation is, in a sense, a ‘cognitive task,’ and EEG frequencies are known for different tasks,” Dr. Travis said. The variations among meditation are due to differences in focus, subject/object relation, and procedures, leading to different EEG patterns, he said. |
The authors found that a single type of meditation might fall into different categories, depending in part on the length of time the subjects had practiced meditation. The results showed that focused attention, which is characterized by beta/gamma activity, can be seen in meditations from Tibetan Buddhist (loving kindness and compassion), Buddhist (Zen and Diamond Way), and Chinese (Qigong) traditions. Open monitoring, which is characterized by theta activity, can be seen in meditations from Buddhist (Mindfulness, and ZaZen), Chinese (Qigong), and Vedic (Sahaja Yoga) traditions. Automatic self-transcending, characterized by alpha1 activity, is seen in meditations from Vedic (Transcendental Meditation) and Chinese (Qigong) traditions. The authors explained that the EEG characteristics of self-transcending are the result of the effortless nature of the technique and that brain wave patterns in the Transcendental Meditation technique reach high levels after just a few months. In contrast, the authors describe a case study in which a practitioner of Qigong achieved effortless practice after 45 years, which was hypothesized to be the result of “automaticity through extensive rehearsal” - just as any activity becomes more automatic through repeated practice. The authors said that these findings shed light on the common mistake of lumping meditations together. “Meditations differ in both their ingredients and their effects, just as medicines do, so lumping them all together as ‘essentially the same’ is simply a mistake,’ Dr. Shear said. (from this site www.mum.edu/TheReview ) |
| Übersicht wissenschaftlicher Studien | Statistische Grundbegriffe | Neueste Forschungsergebnisse |
|
Maharishi-Effekt, soziale Gesundheit, Weltfrieden | |||||
| zurück | weiter |